Purpose of cleaning of the steam-boiler water:
The energy in the steam is used in all the fields of industry and big heating systems for carrying comfortably. When 1 Kg steam is condensed in 1 atu pressure, it produces 540 Kcal (627 Watt) energy in the environment it contacted. Water is universal solvent. In the solved condition, it includes some gases (O2 ,CO2), chemical substances (cations like Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and anions like CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4) and thick substances on the hung. At the same time, water also contains microorganisms. Water creates these problems in the steam production and sytems because of the substances included:CRUST AND CORROSION!
1. To overcome the power losses by keeping clean of the heat transmitted surfaces. Water includes some chemical substances in the solved condition. Especially, as the solution of calcium and magnesium salts decreases because of increasing of warmth, these salts crystalize with the silicates and form a layer which is hard to remove on the surfaces. This layer is called crust and scale. The same crust decreases the heating transmission and causes power loss. In the meantime, it leads to the excessive heating of the crust, fire or water pipelines, metal fatigue and finally perforation and accidents.
2. To extend the life of the boiler by preventing of corrosion, to decrease the service costsIt causes turning of the metal into compounds and loss as a result of the electro-chemical corrosion. Holes are seen as a result of corrosion. The reason of corrosion in the steam-boilers is free oxygen, carbondioxide (CO2) and excessive alkalinity of the boiler water. The appeared metal oxides form sedimentation and leads to blockage as the corrosion creates holes in the smoke and fire pipelines.
3. Purity of the steam
If the chemical substances solved in the boiler water is more than the limit values, these chemical substances create problems in the places where they are transported with steam and used.
Preparation of the steam-boiler water:
Water creates undesirable problems because of the chemical substances and dirt contained. In order to be away from the problems, you need to clean water from the minerals it contains and/or to use new chemical subtsances which solve the problems by changing of the chemical substances casting problems. All of the operations mentioned-above are called Water Treatment. The treatment of the steam boiler water is conducted in two phases:
• Preliminary treatment of the water before entering the boiler (Pecleaning)
• Treatment of the feeding water (in-boiler cleaning)
Precleaning:
1. FILTRATION: Cleaning of water, thick substances on the hung
2. SOFTENING OF WATER: The chemical substances which make water hard, is calcium and magnesium salts. If water passes through cation changing tar, calcium and magnesium salts will be divided into natrium salts. As the solution of the natrium salts is higher than calcium and magnesium salts, it reduces the risk of forming of crust.